With the rapid development of my country's poultry breeding industry, the scale and quantity of broiler chicken breeding have been greatly improved, and the growth rate of broiler chickens is also getting faster and faster, which is inseparable from the adequate supply of feed nutrients. During the growth and development of broilers, there is a large demand for energy and high-quality protein, and a good supply of feed nutrients can ensure their growth performance and body health. Generally, high-energy grain feed raw materials account for the highest proportion in broiler feed, and at the same time, it can supplement the energy level in the feed by adding oil. The protein raw materials in broiler feed need to use a large proportion of animal-source protein feed raw materials. If necessary, a certain amount of crystalline amino acids can be added to balance the content of amino acids in the feed, such as common methionine and lysine. This article will introduce the nutritional value of several common feed ingredients in broiler feed at this stage, in order to provide help for the precise preparation of broiler feed and the sustainable development of my country's poultry breeding industry.

1 Cereal raw materials in broiler feed

Cereal feed ingredients in broiler feed are the main source of energy for broilers. Common cereal feed ingredients in broiler feed include corn, barley, wheat, rye, oats, sorghum, and rice. Generally, the dry matter digestibility of cereal feed raw materials is relatively high, which can reach about 70%~90%, and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in cereal feed is also relatively high, usually reaching about 70%~80%. The content of fat is relatively low, about 3%~8%, the content of crude fat is about 2%~5%, and the content of crude ash is about 2%~4%. The protein content of corn feed raw materials in broiler chicken feed is low, and the quality of protein is relatively poor, with a content of about 8% to 14%. Among them, the content of essential amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan in broiler chickens is low . The content of calcium in cereal feed raw materials is usually less than 0.1%, and lacks VA and VD at the same time, but cereal feed raw materials are rich in B vitamins and VE. Corn is the most common cereal feed raw material in broiler chicken feed, usually adding about 50%~70%, but the content of essential amino acids lysine, tryptophan and methionine in corn is low, when broiler chicken feed When corn is used in a large proportion, it is necessary to pay attention to supplementing crystalline amino acids to ensure the nutritional needs of broilers.

2 Bran raw materials in broiler feed

The amount of bran-based feed used in broiler feed is relatively low, usually just to ensure a certain amount of crude fiber in the feed. Commonly used bran-based feed ingredients include wheat bran and rice bran. Wheat bran is a by-product of wheat processing when making noodles and other products. It is mainly composed of seed coat, aleurone layer in wheat seeds, and a small amount of germ and endosperm in wheat seeds. The content of crude fiber is relatively high, and the content of crude protein It can reach about 12%~19%. Generally, the quality of wheat bran is higher than that of wheat grain, and it is rich in lysine, but the content of methionine is low. The content of B vitamins in wheat bran feed is relatively high, and it is more palatable to broilers, but adding a large proportion will easily lead to water absorption, causing constipation in broilers. Rice bran is also one of the bran raw materials commonly used in broiler feed. Rice bran is mainly a mixture of seed coat, aleurone layer and embryo separated from brown rice during the finishing process. The content of crude protein in rice bran is higher than that of corn, rice and wheat, which can reach about 13%. However, the crude fat of rice bran contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which can easily lead to lipid oxidation and rancidity of rice bran, making it difficult to store for a long time. Application costs are high.

3 Plant-derived protein raw materials in broiler feed

Protein feed raw materials in broiler feed are the key to ensure the growth and development of broilers and body protein deposition. Protein raw materials in broiler feed are usually divided into two types: plant-source protein feed raw materials and animal-source protein feed raw materials. Among them, plant-source protein feed raw materials are mainly Including unconventional protein feed ingredients such as legume seeds, cottonseed cake and rapeseed cake. Among them, the protein content of legume seed protein raw materials is significantly higher than that of cereal feed. At the same time, legume seeds are rich in soybean oil. The quality of protein in legume seeds is good, and the content of lysine is rich, mineral elements The content of vitamins and vitamins is similar to that of cereal feed. Cottonseed cake is an unconventional protein feed raw material commonly used in broiler feed. The dosage is usually low, but it can effectively reduce the economic cost of feed. The protein content in cottonseed cake is average, which is lower than that in bean cake. However, because cottonseed cake contains a certain amount of anti-nutritional factors, the feeding value of cottonseed cake is reduced, and the effective energy value is relatively low. Large-scale use Sometimes it needs to be processed to reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed cake. Rapeseed cake is also a common protein feed material for broilers. The crude protein content in rapeseed cake is about 33%~39%, which is slightly lower than that in bean cake. At the same time, the digestion and utilization rate of protein in rapeseed cake is relatively low. Low, the content of crude fiber in rapeseed cake is high, reaching about 12%, the content of nitrogen-free extract is about 30%, the digestion and utilization rate of organic matter is about 70%, calcium and phosphorus elements in rapeseed cake The content of bean cake is appropriate, except that the content of pantothenic acid in B vitamins is low, and the rest are higher than that of bean cake.

4 Animal source protein raw materials in broiler feed

The rapid growth and development of broilers is inseparable from high-quality animal-source protein feed materials. The common animal-source protein feed materials in broiler breeding mainly include fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal and silkworm chrysalis meal. Among them, fishmeal is the most common and high-quality animal-source protein feed raw material in the broiler breeding process at the present stage. It has the advantages of rich protein content, high quality, rich content of essential amino acids, and balanced composition ratio. Fishmeal is rich in B vitamins and some fat-soluble vitamins, as well as calcium and phosphorus, of which phosphorus is mainly available phosphorus. Research has also found that fishmeal is also rich in growth-promoting factors, which effectively protect Broiler performance and body health. Meat and bone meal is also a common animal source protein feed material in the process of raising broilers. The crude protein content in meat and bone meal can reach 45%~60%, the moisture content is 5%~10%, and the crude fat content is 3%~ 10%, the content of lysine in meat and bone meal is high, but the content of methionine and tryptophan is relatively low. Other common animal-derived protein feed ingredients, such as blood meal, feather meal and silkworm chrysalis meal, have relatively high protein content, and are used in a certain proportion in broiler chicken feed.